Pick up some
Louis Armstrong
Miles Davis (Just about all his early works, (Stay away from anything with strings or from the 80's)
Thelonius Monk (good starting point is Monks Dream, and you can't go wrong with any of Monk's greatest hits LP's)
John Coltrane
Duke Ellington (you can't gop wrong with much of these guys' stuff, just once again stay away from strings and orchestra stuff)
Charles Mingus-(A best of Mingus will do for starters, but if you can look for something with "Pithetcanthropus Erectus" Its an intense freak out jam, like most his shit was..INTENSE!
As for female vocal stuff check out,
Miss Peggy Lee. Dinah Washington, ella Fitzgerald and Billie Holiday.
I dunno I'm still learning more and more about Jazz, but these were all starting points that were recommended by a friend, when I asked the same question you did ,who is real into jazz and has served me well.
But for the most part Jazz records around here are pretty cheap and easily accessable, best bet is to just buy whatever catches your eye and go from there.